Follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order, but with a significant amount of flexibility. Does not utilize grammatical case, gender, and only rarely uses grammatical number. Nouns, verbs, and adjectives use of affixes (prefixes, suffixes, circumfixes, and infixes) to create new words by adding an affix to the root word. Verbs are not inflected for person, number, or tense, with tense being indicated through the use of time words. There is a complex system of verb affixes used to indicate voice/mood. Also makes use of many “measure words,” similar to other Asian languages.
Most of the Indonesian lexicon comes from Austronesian, including Old Malay. Many loanwords come from Dutch, the former colonial ruler of Indonesia, as well as English, Chinese, Arabic, Portuguese, Sanskrit, Tamil, and Hindi.